Biology
The chloroplast is enclosed by two membranes, and this separates reactions within the chloroplast from the rest of the cytoplasm. The double membrane of the chloroplast also serves to maintain high substrate concentrations within the chloroplast for photosynthesis. The outer membrane of the chloroplast is smooth and is freely permeable to many substances. The inner membrane regulates the entry ot substances needed for photosynthesis, such as water. Floating in the stroma are tiny membrane sacs known as thylakoids. The thylakoid membranes are the site of the photosynthetic light reactions. Photosystems 1 and 2, are sequentially organized on the thylakoid membrane, responsible to trapping light energy for photosynthesis. Electron carriers are also organized on the thylakoid membrane. The flow of electrons down the electron transport chain provide the energy needed for the active transport of H+ ions from the stroma, across the thylakoid membrane, into the thylakoid space. The hydrophobic nature of the thylakoid membrane functions as a channel for the diffusion of H+ ions. The diffusion of H+ out of the thykaloid space provides the energy for the synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate. ATP synthase in the stalked particles catalyses the reaction.
- Membrane Systems
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) consists of a series of membranes creating channels within the cytoplasm, which are continuous with the nuclear membrane. They also form sheets that enclose cellular spaces called cisternae. ER provides a large surface area...
- # 102 The Light-dependent Reactions, Photophosphorilation
Chlorophyll molecules in photosystern I (PSI) and photosystern II (PSII) absorb light energy. The energy excites electrons, raising their energy level so that they leave the chlorophyll. The chlorophyll is said to be photo-activated. PSII contains...
- #100 Chloroplasts
Photosynthesis takes place inside chloroplasts. These are organelles surrounded by 2 membranes, called an envelope. Chloroplasts are found in mesophyll cells in leaves: - Palisade mesophyll cells contain most chloroplasts. - Spongy...
- # 90 Oxidative Phosphorylation And Electron Transport Chain
In the final stage of aerobic respiration, oxidative phosphorylation, the energy for the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP comes from the activity of the electron transport chain (ETC). Oxidative phosphorylation takes...
- Photosynthesis And Cellular Respiration
Photosynthesis is the processes of converting carbon dioxide and water, using light energy, into glucose and oxygen. Plants, algae, and certain prokaryotes capture about 1% of the energy in the sunlight that reaches Earth and convert it to chemical energy...
Biology
Q: Discuss the role of membranes in the synthesis of ATP during photosynthesis
The chloroplast is enclosed by two membranes, and this separates reactions within the chloroplast from the rest of the cytoplasm. The double membrane of the chloroplast also serves to maintain high substrate concentrations within the chloroplast for photosynthesis. The outer membrane of the chloroplast is smooth and is freely permeable to many substances. The inner membrane regulates the entry ot substances needed for photosynthesis, such as water. Floating in the stroma are tiny membrane sacs known as thylakoids. The thylakoid membranes are the site of the photosynthetic light reactions. Photosystems 1 and 2, are sequentially organized on the thylakoid membrane, responsible to trapping light energy for photosynthesis. Electron carriers are also organized on the thylakoid membrane. The flow of electrons down the electron transport chain provide the energy needed for the active transport of H+ ions from the stroma, across the thylakoid membrane, into the thylakoid space. The hydrophobic nature of the thylakoid membrane functions as a channel for the diffusion of H+ ions. The diffusion of H+ out of the thykaloid space provides the energy for the synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate. ATP synthase in the stalked particles catalyses the reaction.
- Membrane Systems
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) consists of a series of membranes creating channels within the cytoplasm, which are continuous with the nuclear membrane. They also form sheets that enclose cellular spaces called cisternae. ER provides a large surface area...
- # 102 The Light-dependent Reactions, Photophosphorilation
Chlorophyll molecules in photosystern I (PSI) and photosystern II (PSII) absorb light energy. The energy excites electrons, raising their energy level so that they leave the chlorophyll. The chlorophyll is said to be photo-activated. PSII contains...
- #100 Chloroplasts
Photosynthesis takes place inside chloroplasts. These are organelles surrounded by 2 membranes, called an envelope. Chloroplasts are found in mesophyll cells in leaves: - Palisade mesophyll cells contain most chloroplasts. - Spongy...
- # 90 Oxidative Phosphorylation And Electron Transport Chain
In the final stage of aerobic respiration, oxidative phosphorylation, the energy for the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP comes from the activity of the electron transport chain (ETC). Oxidative phosphorylation takes...
- Photosynthesis And Cellular Respiration
Photosynthesis is the processes of converting carbon dioxide and water, using light energy, into glucose and oxygen. Plants, algae, and certain prokaryotes capture about 1% of the energy in the sunlight that reaches Earth and convert it to chemical energy...