CONTRIBUTION | DISCOVERED/INVENTED BY |
1. Crescograph | J.C. Bose |
2. Crossing over in Drosophila- cytological proof | Stern (1931) |
3. Cryosurgery | Henry Schwann |
4. Crystalline ribonuclease Formed | Kunitz (1940) |
5. CT scan (Computer Assisted Tomography (CAT) | Allan Mcleod Cormack and God frey Newbold Hounsfield (1972) |
6. Culture of cell or tissue in nutrient medium | Haber Landt G. (1902; Germany) |
7. Cyanophage | Saffermann and Morris |
8. Cyclosis | Amici G.B. |
9. Cytochrome oxidase | Warburg O. (1926) |
10. Cytochromes | Mac Munn C.A. (1886) |
11. DDT and its Insecticidal properties | Paul Muller (1939) |
12. Demonstrated that during gamete formation, chromosome number becomes half and that chromosome number is constant for each species | Van Beneden E. (1887) |
13. Dialyzer | Colf |
14. Differential interference contrast microscope | Merton and Smith |
15. Digestion mechanism Described by X-ray | Canon (1904) |
16. Dinosaur- First fossil | Mandel and his wife |
17. DNA | Avery O.T (1944) |
18. DNA - Test for locating DNA in cell | Feutgen A (1924) |
19. DNA Double helix model | Watson, Crick & Wilkins |
20. DNA fingerprinting | Alec Jeffrey (Britain; 1985) |
21. DNA in mitochondria | Nass & Afzeluis (1963) |
22. DNA is an important component of a gene | Chase M & Hershey A.D (1952) |
23. DNA is hereditary material (experiment in rat) | Frederic Griffith |
24. DNA- Synthesised artificially | Kornberg A. (1956; USA) |
25. DNA: Proved Semi-conservative replication | Meselson & Stahl |
26. Dolly, the first cloned sheep | Ian Wilmut (1996) |
27. Double fertilization in angiosperm | Nawaschin and Guingard |
28. Down?s syndrome (mongolism) | Langdon Down (1866) |
29. ECG (Electrocardiogram) Mechanism | Einthoven (1906) |
30. ECG -first recorded | Waller |
31. Edwards syndrome | J.H Edwards |
32. EEG (Electroencephalograph) | Hans Berger |
33. EEG: First human EEG | Hans Berger (1929) |
34. Electron microscope | Knoll M. and Ruska E. (1932) |
35. Electrophoresis | Tiselvis and Longsworth (1937) |
36. Elementary particles in mitochondrion | Chance and Parsons, Smith & Fernandez Moran (1963) |
37. Endomitosis | Dutrochet |
38. Endoplasmic reticulum | Porter K.R, Claude & Fullman (1945) |
39. Entamoeba gingivalis (mouth amoeba) | Gross |
40. Entamoeba histolytica | Losch (1875) |
41. Entamoeba hystolytica- pathogenic nature | Lambl (1890) |
42. Enzymes | Kuhne (1878) |
43. Episome | Jacob & Wollman |
44. Evolution above species level | Rensch (1960) |
45. Evolution by gene duplication | Ohno. S (1970) |
46. Evolution in plants: Role of variation and hybridization | Stebbin (1950) |
47. Evolution of man | Leakey (1960) |
48. Evolutionary ecology | Pianka (1974) |
49. Fertilization in frog | George Newport |
50. Fertilization in plants | Strasburger |
51. Fertilization involves fusion of nuclei from 2 gametes | O. Hertwig (1875) |
52. Fingerprint is dissimilar person to person. Used fingerprint in the field of Forensics | Sir Francis Galton |
53. First living things originated from non-living things | Alexander I. Oparin (Russia) and J.B.S Haldane (Britain) |
54. Five-kingdom classification | Whittaker R.H |
55. Flower- its reproductive parts | Grew (1682) |
56. Fluid mosaic model of plasma membrane | Singer S.J and Nicolson G.L. (1972) |
57. Foot & Mouth disease: First viral disease of animals | Loeffler F. and Frosch A. (1898) |
58. Fossils are the remnants of organisms living in past | Xenophanes (576-480 BC) |
59. Fossils- Showed Nature and formation | Demaillet (1665-1738) |
60. Found the cause of Kuru (a fatal degenerative disease) | Daniel Carleton Gaddusik (1976) |
61. Four-kingdom classification | Copeland (1956) |
62. Gaseous exchange: Method for measuring gaseous exchange in living tissue by monometry | Warburg O. (1923) |
63. Gases exchange of the blood group | Lodwig (1872) |
64. Gene map | Thomas Hunt Morgan (1930) |
65. Gene therapy- First successful attempt | French Anderson (sep 14, 1990) |
66. Genetic code | Nirenberg & Matthaei |
67. Genetic code is triplet code | Crick F.H.C & Others (1961) |
68. Genetic drift in a population of Drosophila | Spencer (1947) |
69. Genetic drifts: Observed role of genetic drifts in small populations | Moody (1947) |
70. Genetic transduction in bacteria | Griffith F. (1928) |
71. Geological time scale- first developed | Araduiana (1760) |
72. Giant salivary gland chromosomes | Balbiani (1881) |
73. Glycolysis (EMP pathway) | Embeden, Mayerhof & Parnass |
74. Glyoxysomes | Briedenbach |
75. Golgi bodies | Camillo Golgi (1898) |
76. Gram staining | Christian Gram (1884) |
77. Green revolution | Norman E. Borlaug (1970) |
78. Haemophilia | John Cotto (1803) |
79. Heart transplantation surgery | Christian Bernard |
80. Heartbeat: Investigated on heart and Heartbeat | Stannuis (1852) |
81. Heat production in nerves | Hill (1926) |
82. Helicobacter pylori, the ulcer causing bacteria | Barry J. Marshal and J. Robin Warren |
83. Heteroploidy Concept | Winkler H (1916) |
84. Heterothallism in fungi | Blakeslee |
85. HIV | Luke Montainer |
86. Honeybee dance | Von Frisch |
87. Hormones | Bayliss and Starling (1903) |
88. Hormones: Influence on enzyme activity | Cori (1945) |
89. Hormones: Role in the metamorphosis of insects | Kolliker and Muller Kopec (1922) |
90. Human body is composed of complex subsystems | Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564) |
91. Human gene therapy | Martin Clive |
92. Human Genome Project | U.S Department of Energy & National Institute of Health (2003) |
93. Hydroxy urea is effective for sickle cell anaemia | Samuel Charech (1995) |
94. Induced biochemical mutation by X-ray irradiation in Neurospora | Beadle and Tautum (1941) |
95. Infantile amaurotic idiocy (Tay- Sach?s disease) | Warren Tay and Sach (1881) |
96. Influence of blood ions on heart circulation | Ringer (1880) |
97. Insulin | Sir Frederick Grant Banding; J.J.R. Mc Leod (1922) |
98. Insulin is effective for Diabetes | Banding, Best |
99. Interaction b/w tumour viruses and genetic material of the cell | Renato Dulbeceo, Howard Martin Temin & David Baltimore (1975) |
100. Internal parts of human body- Dissected and studied | Vesalius |