Biology

Scientists and their Theories

Theories, Principles, Rules or Laws	Proposed by
1. *?All plants & animals are composed of cells?*	Dutrochet H.J
2. *?Birds are glorified reptiles?*	Huxley
3. *?Omnis cellula e cellula?*	R. Virchow
4. *?Protoplasm is the physical basis of life?*	Huxley
5. *?Abiogenesis first, but biogenesis ever since?*	Oparin
6. Allen?s law	Allen
7. Apical cell theory of apical meristems	Hofmeister
8. Aquatic origin of life- Theory	Thales (624-548 BC)
9. Artificial parthenogenesis- Theory	Loeb
10. Artificial System of Classification	Aristotle
11. Axial gradient theory	Child
12. Balance theory of sex in Drosophila	Bridges G.B (1916)
13. Binomial nomenclature	Linnaeus
14. Biogenesis (= Theory of movement)	Robert Brown
15. Biogenesis (terrestrial origin) - Theory	Francesco Redi (experimentally proved by Louis Pasteur in 1862)
16. Biogenetic law- Theory	E. Haeckel
17. Biological species concept	Ernst Mayer and Dobzensky
18. Cascade effect	Sutherland
19. Catastrophism- Theory	Cuvier
20. Cell theory	Schleiden and Schwann
21. Central Dogma of Molecular biology	Crick F.H.C
22. Chargaff?s rule	Chargaff
23. Chemical evolution (Biochemical evolution or Chemogeny or molecular evolutiuon or Organic evolution) - Theory	Alexander I. Oparin (1923) Supported by J.B.S Haldane (1928)
24. Chemosynthetic theory of life	Oparin and Haldane
25. Chiasma type theory	Janssens F.A
26. Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance	Sutton and Boveri
27. Chromosomal theory of linkage	Morgan T.H and Castle
28. Cohesion theory of ascent of sap	Dixon and Jolly
29. Conditioned reflex	I.P Pavlov
30. Contagion- Theory	Fracastorius
31. Continental drift theory	Wagner
32. Cosmozoic theory (Theory of extraterrestrial origin or theory of panspermia)	Richer (1865)
33. Coupling and Repulsion theory	Bateson and Punnet
34. Descent with modification	Darwin
35. Encasement theory	Bonnet
36. Encasement theory	Charles Bonnet
37. Epigenesis- Theory	C.F Wolff
38. Fertilizin- Antifertilizin theory	Lillie F.R (1914)
39. Five kingdom classification	Whittaker
40. Fluid mosaic model	Singer and Nicholson
41. Gause hypothesis (Competitive exclusion principle Hardin)	Gause (1937)
42. Gene Theory (Linkage of gene)	Morgan T.H (1910)
43. Genic balance theory of sex determination	C.B. Bridges
44. Germ layer theory	Von Baer
45. Germ theory of disease	Louis Pasteur
46. Germplasm theory or Germline theory	August Weismann
47. Hardy Weinberg?s law	Hardy G.S and Wilhelm Weinberg (1908)
48. Histogen theory of apical meristem	Hanstein
49. Hypothesis of Muscle contraction	Huxley and Hanson (1954)
50. Idea of Homoeostasis	Claude Bernard
51. Induced fit Hypothesis of enzyme	Koshland
52. Inheritance of acquired characters- Theory	Lamarck Jean Baptiste de (1802)
53. Law of conservation of energy	Von Mayer
54. Law of minimum	Liebig
55. Lock and Key Hypothesis	Emil Fischer
56. Materialistic theory	Oparin
57. Mechanistic theory	Haeckel
58. Mutation theory of evolution	Hugo de Vries (1901)
59. Natural selection and Origin of species	Alfred Russel Wallace (1858) & Charles Robert Darwin (1859)
*60.* *Omnis cellula e cellula*	Rudolf Virchow
61. One cistron-one polypeptide theory	C. Yanofsky
62. One gene-one enzyme theory	Beadle and Tatum
*63.* *Ontogeny recapitulates (repeats) phylogeny*	E. Haeckel
64. Oparin-Haldane Hypothesis (Primary abiogenesis)	A.I. Oparin and J.B.S Haldane
65. Operon concept of gene action	Jacob and Monod
66. Opsonisation- Theory	Wright and Doughlass
67. Orthogenesis- Theory	Ernst Haeckel
68. Pangenesis- Theory	Darwin
69. Particulate theory	Maupertuis
70. Preformation theory	Jan Swammerdam
71. Principles of inheritance	Mendel (1865)
72. Protoplasm theory	Hertwig
73. Protoplasmic theory	M. Schultze
74. Recapitulation theory or Biogenetic law	Von Baer (1828). It was called as Biogenetic law by Ernst Haeckel (1868).
75. Semen (Fluid) theory	Empedocles (504-433 BC)
76. Sexual selection- Theory	Julian Huxley (1924)
77. *Sol gel theory of Amoeba* Locomotion**	Hyman, Pantin and Mast
78. Special creation- Theory	Falter Saurezi
79. Spontaneous generation (Abiogenesis/Autogenesis) - Theory	Anaximander (B.C 611-547) Aristotle (B.C 384-322) Epicurus (B.C 342-271) Helmont (1577-1644)
80. Stelar theory of plants	Tiegham and Douliot
81. Survival of the fittest- Theory	Spencer
82. Telom theory of Pteridophyta	Zimmerman
83. Tunica corpus theory	Schmidt
84. Vapour and fluid theory of heredity	Pythagoras
85. Vital theory	J.C. Bose

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Biology