Biology
Glycolysis the breakdown of a glucose molecule into two pyruvate molecules. It is an example of substrate level phosphorylation. It occurs in the cytoplasm, whether in aerobic or anaerobic conditions.
Glucose > Glucose-6-phosphate > Fructose-6-phosphate > Fructose 1,6 biphosphate > 2 x phosphoglyceraldehyde > 2 x 1,3-biphosphoglycerate > 2 x 3-phosphoglycerate > 2 x phosphoenolpyruvate > 2 x pyruvate
NB
Glucose > Glucose-6-phosphate: 1 x ATP is used
Fructose-6-phosphate > Fructose 1,6 biphosphate: 1 x ATP is used
These two steps are known as the energy investment phase.
1,3-biphosphoglycerate > 3-phosphoglycerate: payoff of 1 x ATP per molecule (total 2 ATP)
2 x phosphoenolpyruvate > 2 x pyruvate: payoff of 1 x ATP (total 2 ATP)
These two steps constitute part of the energy payoff phase.
Net gain: 2 ATP per molecule of glucose
Also note that NAD is reduced to form NADH when phosphoglyceraldehyde reacts to form 1,3-biphosphoglycerate.
- Respiration
Respiration is the breakdown of large glucose molecules into simple molecules such as carbon dioxide and water with the simultaneous release of energy inside living cells. It is an enzyme mediated process. Main processes: Glycolysis (glucose to pyruvate,...
- Calvin Cycle
The Calvin cycle is also known as the light independent reactions, as they can occur in the dark. It occurs inside the stroma of the chloroplasts. There are three stages: carbon dioxide fixation, reduction of carbon dioxide, and regeneration of ribulose...
- Q: Explain The Small Yield Of Atp From Anaerobic Respiration
In the absence of oxygen, the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation are prevented as oxygen is not available as the final electron acceptor. Hence, only glycolysis can occur, generating 2 molecules of ATP...
- #87 Respiration, Glycolysis
Respiration is the oxidation of energy-containing organic molecules. The energy released from this process is used to combine ADP with inorganic phosphate to make ATP. All cells obtain useable energy through respiration. Most cells use carbohydrate,...
- Q & A
Questions Plants derive energy from the _____________ of Glucose into __________. The time in which a cell oxidizes glucose is known as______. The oxidation of glucose into pyruvate is a process known as__________. What is the energy released during glycolysis...
Biology
Glycolysis
Glycolysis the breakdown of a glucose molecule into two pyruvate molecules. It is an example of substrate level phosphorylation. It occurs in the cytoplasm, whether in aerobic or anaerobic conditions.
Glucose > Glucose-6-phosphate > Fructose-6-phosphate > Fructose 1,6 biphosphate > 2 x phosphoglyceraldehyde > 2 x 1,3-biphosphoglycerate > 2 x 3-phosphoglycerate > 2 x phosphoenolpyruvate > 2 x pyruvate
NB
Glucose > Glucose-6-phosphate: 1 x ATP is used
Fructose-6-phosphate > Fructose 1,6 biphosphate: 1 x ATP is used
These two steps are known as the energy investment phase.
1,3-biphosphoglycerate > 3-phosphoglycerate: payoff of 1 x ATP per molecule (total 2 ATP)
2 x phosphoenolpyruvate > 2 x pyruvate: payoff of 1 x ATP (total 2 ATP)
These two steps constitute part of the energy payoff phase.
Net gain: 2 ATP per molecule of glucose
Also note that NAD is reduced to form NADH when phosphoglyceraldehyde reacts to form 1,3-biphosphoglycerate.
- Respiration
Respiration is the breakdown of large glucose molecules into simple molecules such as carbon dioxide and water with the simultaneous release of energy inside living cells. It is an enzyme mediated process. Main processes: Glycolysis (glucose to pyruvate,...
- Calvin Cycle
The Calvin cycle is also known as the light independent reactions, as they can occur in the dark. It occurs inside the stroma of the chloroplasts. There are three stages: carbon dioxide fixation, reduction of carbon dioxide, and regeneration of ribulose...
- Q: Explain The Small Yield Of Atp From Anaerobic Respiration
In the absence of oxygen, the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation are prevented as oxygen is not available as the final electron acceptor. Hence, only glycolysis can occur, generating 2 molecules of ATP...
- #87 Respiration, Glycolysis
Respiration is the oxidation of energy-containing organic molecules. The energy released from this process is used to combine ADP with inorganic phosphate to make ATP. All cells obtain useable energy through respiration. Most cells use carbohydrate,...
- Q & A
Questions Plants derive energy from the _____________ of Glucose into __________. The time in which a cell oxidizes glucose is known as______. The oxidation of glucose into pyruvate is a process known as__________. What is the energy released during glycolysis...