Biology
KEY CONCEPTS:
- Q: Compare And Contrast Transcription And Translation
Transcription occurs in the nucleus but translation occurs in the cytoplasm and rough endoplasmic reticulum. The two processes use different components and enzymes, transcription uses transcription factors and RNA polymerase whereas translation uses ribosomes...
- Mrna Splicing
Genes of eukaryotic cells containing introns and exons. Introns, short for intervening sequences, are non-coding regions of a gene. They are transcribed but not translated into the amino acid sequence of proteins. Exons, or expressed sequences, are coding...
- Messenger Rna
KEY TERMS:Messenger RNA (mRNA) is the intermediate that represents one strand of a gene coding for protein. Its coding region is related to the protein sequence by the triplet genetic code. Transfer RNA (tRNA) is the intermediate in protein...
- Dna Replication Is Semiconservative
KEY TERMS:A parental strand or duplex of DNA refers to the DNA that will be replicated. The antisense strand (Template strand) of DNA is complementary to the sense strand, and is the one that acts as the template for synthesis of mRNA. A daughter...
- # 35 The Genetic Code - Protein Synthesis
The genetic code specifies the amino acids that are assembled to make polypeptides. The way that DNA codes for polypeptides is central to our understanding of how cells and organisms function. A polypeptide is coded for...
Biology
mRNA is produced by transcription and is translated
KEY TERMS:
- Transcription describes synthesis of RNA on a DNA template.
- Translation is synthesis of protein on the mRNA template.
- A coding region is a part of the gene that represents a protein sequence.
- The antisense strand (Template strand) of DNA is complementary to the sense strand, and is the one that acts as the template for synthesis of mRNA.
- The coding strand (Sense strand) of DNA has the same sequence as the mRNA and is related by the genetic code to the protein sequence that it represents.
- Only one of the two strands of DNA is transcribed into RNA.
Gene expression occurs by a two-stage process.
- Transcription generates a single-stranded RNA identical in sequence with one of the strands of the duplex DNA.
- Translation converts the nucleotide sequence of mRNA into the sequence of amino acids comprising a protein. The entire length of an mRNA is not translated, but each mRNA contains at least one coding region that is related to a protein sequence by the genetic code: each nucleotide triplet (codon) of the coding region represents one amino acid.
Only one strand of a DNA duplex is transcribed into a messenger RNA. We distinguish the two strands of DNA as depicted in Figure 5.2:
- The strand of DNA that directs synthesis of the mRNA via complementary base pairing is called the template strand or antisense strand. (Antisense is used as a general term to describe a sequence of DNA or RNA that is complementary to mRNA.)
- The other DNA strand bears the same sequence as the mRNA (except for possessing T instead of U), and is called the coding strand or sense strand.
In this chapter we discuss mRNA and its use as a template for protein synthesis. In 6 Protein synthesis we discuss the process by which a protein is synthesized. In 7 Using the genetic code we discuss the way the genetic code is used to interpret the meaning of a sequence of mRNA. And in 8 Protein localization we turn to the question of how a protein finds its proper location in the cell when or after it is synthesized.
- Q: Compare And Contrast Transcription And Translation
Transcription occurs in the nucleus but translation occurs in the cytoplasm and rough endoplasmic reticulum. The two processes use different components and enzymes, transcription uses transcription factors and RNA polymerase whereas translation uses ribosomes...
- Mrna Splicing
Genes of eukaryotic cells containing introns and exons. Introns, short for intervening sequences, are non-coding regions of a gene. They are transcribed but not translated into the amino acid sequence of proteins. Exons, or expressed sequences, are coding...
- Messenger Rna
KEY TERMS:Messenger RNA (mRNA) is the intermediate that represents one strand of a gene coding for protein. Its coding region is related to the protein sequence by the triplet genetic code. Transfer RNA (tRNA) is the intermediate in protein...
- Dna Replication Is Semiconservative
KEY TERMS:A parental strand or duplex of DNA refers to the DNA that will be replicated. The antisense strand (Template strand) of DNA is complementary to the sense strand, and is the one that acts as the template for synthesis of mRNA. A daughter...
- # 35 The Genetic Code - Protein Synthesis
The genetic code specifies the amino acids that are assembled to make polypeptides. The way that DNA codes for polypeptides is central to our understanding of how cells and organisms function. A polypeptide is coded for...