Fetal Pig anatomy glossary ( I suggest you use ctrl F)

Structure

System

Primary tissues

Functions

Pituitary

Endocrine

Glial cells, bundles of axons, cidophils, basophils and chromophobes cells

Secretes hormones, assists other endocrine gland

Medulla

Central nervous system

epithelial reticular cells commissural fibers

Autonomic functions, respiration, vomiting, swallowing, heart rate, blood pressure etc.

Pons

Central nervous system

Developed from Metencephalon

Part of hindbrain

Relays between cerebellum and cerebrum

Midbrain

Central nervous system

Along with pons makes up ?brainstem?

CSF, auditory center

Cerebral aqueduct

Central nervous system

Fluid filled cavity within white mater

Contains CSF, connects 3^rd and 4^th ventricles

4^th ventricle

Central nervous system

Fluid filled cavity within white mater

Characteristic diamond shape, doorway to subarachnoid space for CSF through aperatures

Thalamus

Circulatory

Developed from Diencephalon primarily white mater

Controls incoming sensory impulses except those for smell

Hypothalamus

Central nervous system

Cell bodies, capillary blood vessels, gray mater

Homeostasis, supervision and some behavioral controls

Sulci

Central nervous system

n/a

Makes possible the huge surface area (cool if you like being able to think)

Gyrus

Central nervous system

Gray mater Cell bodies, capillary blood vessels

The bulging tissue ridge in the cortex

Epithalamus

Central nervous system

gray mater Cell bodies, capillary blood vessels

Limbic system?s connection with the brain.

Superior colliculus

Central nervous system

Cell bodies, capillary blood vessels, gray mater 3 layers

Touch, pressure, temperature sensory, as well as visual and auditory

Inferior colliculus

Central nervous system

Cell bodies, capillary blood vessels, gray mater

Auditory nerve center

Hippocampus

Limbic system

Gray mater

Part of limbic system, plays role in long term memory

Cerebellum

Central nervous system

Cell bodies, capillary blood vessels, gray mater

Integration of sensory perception, motor control

Arbor vitae

Central nervous system

Cell bodies, capillary blood vessels, gray mater

Tree of life, structure of cerebellum (connections)

Pyriform lobe

Central nervous system

Gray mater Cell bodies, capillary blood vessels

Key in olfaction: recognition of smells

Vermis

Central nervous system

Gray mater Cell bodies, capillary blood vessels

Comparable to gyrus (across hemispheres of cerebellum)

Rhinal Fissure

Central nervous system

(it?s a crevice.)

May have role in separating , timing of signals

Folia

Central nervous system

Gray mater Cell bodies, capillary blood vessels

Tight folds on surface of cerebrum, tighter than those of cerebrum, similar purpose

Trigeminal lobe

Central nervous system (nerve is SNS which is a subset of PNS)

Gray mater Cell bodies, capillary blood vessels

Facial sensation, mastication

Cerebral cortex (neocortex)

Central nervous system

Cell bodies, capillary blood vessels

Conscious though and language specific to humans, important for spatial reasoning, generation of motor commands and sensory perception

Oculomotor nerve

Sensory nervous system

Cell bodies, capillary blood vessels, gray mater

Allows movement of eyes

Corpus collosum

Central nervous system

Commissural axons

White fibers uniting two halves of cerebrum ? commissural axons

Lateral ventricle

Ventricular system of brain

(cavity filled with CSF)

CSF circulation, prevent brain trauma

Longitudinal fissure

Central nervous system

n/a

Separates two hemispheres of brain, probably aids in compartmentalizing signaling

Olfactory bulb

Central nervous system (nerve is SNS)

Motor nerve

Essential for smell, without it results in anosmia; inability to detect odors

Corona radiata

Central nervous system

White mater

Key in refined movement

Optic nerve

Sensory Nervous system (aka. somatic nervous system)

?Peripheral nervous system, motor neurons, sensory neurons

Relay sensory information

Caudate nucleus

Central nervous system

Gray mater

Highly innervated by dopamine neurons, key in learning and memory

Basal nuclei

Central nervous system

Gray mater

Motor control, cognition, learning, and emotion

Optic chiasm

Central nervous system

White mater

Right eye connects to left side of brain, left eye to right

Head

n/a

n/a

Snout to neck, structure to house primary sensory organs, allows for pig?s binocular vision, taste, smell, auditory recognition

Neck

n/a

n/a

connects the head and the trunk

Trunk

n/a

n/a

Houses many abdominal organs

Thoracic region

n/a

n/a

Primary respiratory center, central circulation

Lumbar region

n/a

n/a

Usually associated with lower back

Sacral region

n/a

n/a

Continuous with sacral vertebrae

Pinna

Auditory system

Simple squamous epithelial, elastic cartilage

Outward ear, to ?funnel? sound

Eyelid

Accessory to eye

Simple squamous epithelium

Protects eye

Nare

part of respiratory system

Simple squamous epithelium

The pig?s nostril, respiration, olfaction

Eye

Many systems.. nervous, sensory

Many tissues

Visual sensory perception

Nictitating membrane

Accessory to eye possibly integumentary

Cartilage/ conjunctiva

Offers limited protection to eye when ?rooting?

Tongue

Accessory digestive

Skeletal muscle

Manipulating food, taste recognition

Fungiform papillae

Accessory/sensory

Specialized epithelial cells

Structure on end of tongue sensitive to taste

Vibrissae

SNS

Simple squamous epithelium/ nervous

Sensory structure, detect tactile sensations

Digits

Integumentary

Mostly highly keratinized tissue

Part of digitgrade posture

Wrist

Skeletal

Compact bone/ hyaline cartilage

Joint between forearm and manus

Elbow

Many

Compact bone/ hyaline cartilage

Joint between upper arm and forearm

Shoulder

Skeletal (bones)

Compact bone

Allows rotation, adduction, abduction of arm

Teat

Reproductive

Simple squamous

Structure for procuring milk to baby mammals

Umbilical cord

Circulatory

Simple squamous epithelium

Contains umbilical arteries and veins

Allantoic duct

Excretory

Psudostratified columnar epithelium

Channels urine to the allantois, an extra-embyronic sac

Umbilical vein

Circulatory

Tunica intima-endothelium

Tunica media- smooth muscle

Tunica adventitia collagen fibers

Returns oxygenated, nutrified blood to fetal circulation.

Urogenital opening

Urinary/

excretory

Transitional

Serves as a channel for the excretion of urine and a reproductive pathway for intercourse and birth

Scrotum

Reproductive

Simple squamous epithelium

Contains the descended testis ? spermatogenesis requires the lowered semi-external temperature

Genital papilla

Reproductive

Nervous/epithelial

Structure in pig analogous to female clitoris

Anus

Excretory

internal and external sphincters, smooth muscle

opening at the end of the digestive system from which feces (waste) exits the body

Abdomen

Many

Many

lies between the thorax and the pelvis and encloses the stomach, intestines, liver, spleen, and pancreas

Parotid gland

digestive

Cuboidal epithelial

Largest salivary gland, across masseter, into oral cavity opposite the upper 2^nd molar

Mandibular gland

Digestive

Cuboidal epithelial

Empties into the buccal cavity just below the tongue

Parotid duct

Exocrine

Glandular epithelium

?dumps? saliva into mouth

Masseter muscle

Muscular

Skeletal muscle

Primary muscle of chewing

Mandible

Skeletal

Compact bone

Lower jaw, for grinding and gripping food

Maxillary branch (of facial nerve)

Nervous

Mixed sensory and motor neurons

Serves upper jaw

Mandibular

Nervous

Mixed sensory and motor neurons

Branch of nerve that serves mandible

External maxillary vein

Circulatory

Tunica intima-endothelium

Tunica media- smooth muscle

Tunica adventitia collagen fibers

Carries blood away from palate and surroundings

Lymph node

Lymphatic system

Squamous epithelium

One of many filtering points

Sternohyoid

Musclular

Skeletal muscle

Depresses hyoid

Sternomastoid

Muscular

Skeletal muscle

flexes and rotates head

Sternothyroid

Muscular

Skeletal muscle

depresses hyoid bone and larynx.

Thyrohyoid

Muscular

Skeletal muscle

depresses hyoid bone: draws thyroid superior if hyoid is in fixed position.

Omohyoid

Muscular

Skeletal muscle

depresses, retracts, and steadies hyoid bone

Larynx

Respiratory/accessory

Stratified columnar epithelium

Voicebox contains vocal cords

Thymus

Lymphatic

Cuboidal epithelium

T-cell maturation, T-reg, Natural Killers

Thyroid

Endocrine

Glandular epithelium

Two lobed endocrine gland (T4!)

Trachea

Respiratory

Pseudostratified columnar ep

?windpipe? path of air to lungs from nose/mouth

Cartilage ring

Respiratory

Elastic cartilage

Makes it so your windpipe won?t be compressed and stick together like a dialysis tube.

Mylohyoid

Muscular

Skeletal muscle

Forms the floor of the mouth

Digastric

Muscular

Skeletal muscle

depress the lower jaw and raise the hyoid bone especially during swallowing

Hyoid bone

Skeletal

Compact bone

supports the tongue, the larynx, and their muscles

Scalenus

Muscular

Skeletal muscle

functioning to raise the second rib and to bend and slightly rotate the neck

Internal intercostals

Muscular

Skeletal muscle

Aid in expanding the ribs

External intercostals

Muscular

Skeletal muscle

Aid in pulling the ribs together

Lung

Respiratory

Cuboidal epithelium, pseudostratified columnar ep

basic respiratory organ

Diaphragm

Muscular/Respiratory

Skeletal muscle

partition separating the chest and abdominal cavities

Phrenic nerve

Nervous (pns)

Motor neurons

nerve that transmits motor impulses to the diaphragm

Caudal vena cava

Circulatory

Tunica intima-endothelium

Tunica media- smooth muscle

Tunica adventitia collagen fibers

large vein carrying blood from the lower portion of the pig's body

Esophagus

Digestive

non-keratinized stratified squamous. skeletal & smooth muscle

tube connecting the mouth and the pharynx to the stomach

Vagus nerve

Mixed nerve ?Nervous system

Sensory/motor neurons

nerve supplying much of the abdominal viscera as well as the heart

Thoracic aorta

Circulatory

Tunica interna prominent internal elastic membrane

Tunica media (w/ smooth muscle)

part of the aorta that lies in the thorax and extends from the arch to the diaphragm

Azygos vein

Circulatory

Tunica intima-endothelium

Tunica media- smooth muscle

Tunica adventitia collagen fibers

drain the thoracic wall and much of the abdominal wall

Pleura

accessory

Areolar ct

contains a small amount of serous fluid that minimizes the friction of respiratory movements

Pericardium

Accessory

Areolar ct

sac of serous membrane that encloses the heart

R. auricle (atrium)

Circulatory/Muscular

Cardiac muscle

upper chamber of the heart that receives blood and forces it into right ventricle

L. auricle (atrium)

Circulatory/muscular

Cardiac muscle

most powerful of the heart's chambers; pumps blood systematically

Pulmonary trunk

Circulatory

Tunica intima-endothelium

Tunica media- smooth muscle

Tunica adventitia collagen fibers

Blood to lungs

Aortic arch

Circulatory

Tunica interna prominent internal elastic membrane

Tunica media (w/ smooth muscle)

Supply blood to body (not to heart)

Ductus arteriosus

Circulatory

Loose CT

Allows blood to bypass pulmonary circulation (oxygenated in placenta)

Interventricular artery

Circulatory

Tunica interna prominent internal elastic membrane

Tunica media (w/ smooth muscle)

Blood supply to ventricles

Apex of heart

Circulatory/Muscular

Myocardium

Overlapped by left lung and pleura. helps pump blood to left atrium

Right median lobe of liver

Digestive/accessory

Squamous ep

Storage of ADEK, proteins, blood filtering, glucagon/glycogen, detoxification

Peritoneum

Accessory

Mesothelium. Connective tissue

Covers organs of peritoneal cavity

Duodenum

Digestive

simple columnar epithelium Brunner's glands in duodenum
goblet cells
villi and microvilli

Neutralizes acids, emulsifies fats, absorption of nutrients CCK production

Ileum

Digestive

Peyer's patches, simple columnar ep. smooth muscle

Last portion of small intestine

Spiral colon

Digestive/excretory

epithelial clefts goblet cells, epithelial tissue, smooth muscle

Remove as much water as possible, small amount of neglected materials are absorbed

Spleen

Lymphatic

Lymphoid tissue, ligaments, red pulp, white pulp

stores and releases red bloods cells into the bloodstream, recycles old red blood cells from circulation, and aids in the development of white blood cells

Left lateral lobe of the liver

Accessory

Squamous ep

Superior to stomach Storage of ADEK, proteins, blood filtering, glucagon/glycogen, detoxification

Cecum

Digestive

Smooth muscle

large blind pouch forming the beginning of the large intestine

Mesentery

Integumentary

Epithelium, areolar c.t

connect the intestines to the dorsal abdominal wall

Lymph nodules

Lymphatic

Reticular connective tissue, squamous epithelia, simple epithelium

filter pathogens from the lymph

Stomach

Digestive

simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells .

3-layered smooth muscle

Designed to withstand churning and low pH to encourage physical/chemical breakdown of food. Also kills harmful bacteria food may carry into body.

Pyloric sphincter

Muscular/Digestive

Smooth muscle

Sphincter at caudal end of stomach, releases about 1mL/ min stomach contents into duodenum

Pancreas

Digestive/ exocrine/endocrine

Islets of langerhans

Pancreatic acini,

Pseudostratified columnar ep.

secretes insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin into the bloodstream also enzyme producing for carbohydrates, fats, protein digestion

Gall bladder

Digestive

Smooth muscle

stores and releases bile into the small intestine

Cystic duct

Digestive

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

conveys bile from the gallbladder to the common bile duct

Hepatic duct

Digestive

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

excretory duct of the liver, which joins the cystic duct to form the common bile duct

Common bile duct

Digestive

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Duct where bile leaves liver

Ileocecal junction

Digestive

Smooth muscle

Where the ileum becomes the cecum

Rectum

Excretory

skeletal muscle rectal valves

lower part of the large intestine, fecal matter stored before excretion

Caudate lobe of liver

Digestive

Hepatocytes

Storage of ADEK, proteins, blood filtering, glucagon/glycogen, detoxification

Cranial vena cava

Circulatory

Tunica intima-endothelium

Tunica media- smooth muscle

Tunica adventitia collagen fibers

returns blood to the right atrium of the heart from the upper half of body

Costocervical trunk

Circulatory

Tunica interna prominent internal elastic membrane

Tunica media (w/ smooth muscle)

a branch of the subclavian artery that divides to supply the first or first two intercostal spaces and the deep structures of the neck

Brachiocephalic trunk

Circulatory

Tunica interna prominent internal elastic membrane

Tunica media (w/ smooth muscle)

Supply blood to right side of head, neck, right upper limb and right side of chest

Subclavian vein

Circulatory

Tunica intima-endothelium

Tunica media- smooth muscle

Tunica adventitia collagen fibers

Drains from arm, connects with internal jugular to brachiocephalic

External jugular vein

Circulatory

Tunica intima-endothelium

Tunica media- smooth muscle

Tunica adventitia collagen fibers

superficial vein that collects most of the blood from the exterior of the cranium and deep parts of the face and opens into the subclavian vein

Internal jugular vein

Circulatory

Tunica intima-endothelium

Tunica media- smooth muscle

Tunica adventitia collagen fibers

a vein that collects the blood from the interior of the cranium, the superficial part of the face, and the neck

Axillary vein

Circulatory

Tunica intima-endothelium

Tunica media- smooth muscle

Tunica adventitia collagen fibers

Branches from subclavian- drains from axilla

Brachial vein

Circulatory

Tunica intima-endothelium

Tunica media- smooth muscle

Tunica adventitia collagen fibers

From arm, anastimose with other veins to form axillary.

Cephalic vein

Circulatory

Tunica intima-endothelium

Tunica media- smooth muscle

Tunica adventitia collagen fibers

a large vein of the upper arm along the outer edge of the biceps muscle and empties into axillary v.

Subscapular vein

Circulatory

Tunica intima-endothelium

Tunica media- smooth muscle

Tunica adventitia collagen fibers

drains blood from the region around the shoulder and shoulder blade

Internal thoracic vein

Circulatory

Tunica intima-endothelium

Tunica media- smooth muscle

Tunica adventitia collagen fibers

Drains from the deep tissues of the thoracic cavity

External thoracic vein

Circulatory

Tunica intima-endothelium

Tunica media- smooth muscle

Tunica adventitia collagen fibers

Drains from the more superficial thoracic region

Pulmonary vein (l)

Circulatory

Tunica intima-endothelium

Tunica media- smooth muscle

Tunica adventitia collagen fibers

return oxygenated blood from the lungs to the superior part of the left atrium

Pulmonary trunk

Circulatory

Tunica intima-endothelium

Tunica media- smooth muscle

Tunica adventitia collagen fibers

carry oxygen-deficient blood to the lungs: branches into the right and left pulmonary arteries

L. Subclavian artery

Circulatory

Tunica interna prominent internal elastic membrane

Tunica media (w/ smooth muscle)

Becomes the axillary artery and passes through the axilla and in the arm becomes the brachial artery- supplies the brain, neck, anterior wall of the thorax, and shoulder

Pulmonary artery

Circulatory

Tunica interna prominent internal elastic membrane

Tunica media (w/ smooth muscle)

Passes under the arch of the aorta to the right lung where it divides into branches

Right subclavian artery

Circulatory

Tunica interna prominent internal elastic membrane

Tunica media (w/ smooth muscle)

Supply neck, brain, spinal cord, thyroid gland, larynx, shoulder

Right common carotid

Circulatory

Tunica interna prominent internal elastic membrane

Tunica media (w/ smooth muscle)

Supply most of head and neck (right side)

Left common carotid

Circulatory

Tunica interna prominent internal elastic membrane

Tunica media (w/ smooth muscle)

Supply most of head and neck (left side)

Internal thoracic artery

Circulatory

Tunica interna prominent internal elastic membrane

Tunica media (w/ smooth muscle)

To mediastinum anterior thoracic wall, anterior abdominal wall, diaphragm

Thyrocervical trunk

Circulatory

Tunica interna prominent internal elastic membrane

Tunica media (w/ smooth muscle)

branch of the subclavian artery that divides into the inferior thyroid, suprascapular, and transverse cervical arteries

Costovcervical trunk

Circulatory

Tunica interna prominent internal elastic membrane

Tunica media (w/ smooth muscle)

Arises from subclavian artery and quickly divides into intercostals and other branches

Internal carotid

Circulatory

Tunica interna prominent internal elastic membrane

Tunica media (w/ smooth muscle)

supplies the brain, eyes, and other internal structures of the head

External carotid

Circulatory

Tunica interna prominent internal elastic membrane

Tunica media (w/ smooth muscle)

supplies the face, tongue, and external parts of the head

Axillary artery

Circulatory

Tunica interna prominent internal elastic membrane

Tunica media (w/ smooth muscle)

part of the main artery of the arm that lies in the axilla

Thyroid artery

Circulatory

Tunica interna prominent internal elastic membrane

Tunica media (w/ smooth muscle)

Smaller artery that serves the thyroid

Cranial abdominal vein

Circulatory

Tunica intima-endothelium

Tunica media- smooth muscle

Tunica adventitia collagen fibers

Drains from dorsal abdominal cavity to caudal vena cava

Suprarenal vein

Circulatory

Tunica intima-endothelium

Tunica media- smooth muscle

Tunica adventitia collagen fibers

arises from the right adrenal gland and empties directly into the inferior vena cava

Renal vein

Circulatory

Tunica intima-endothelium

Tunica media- smooth muscle

Tunica adventitia collagen fibers

Sometimes very large veins that dump from kidney into Caudal VC

Cranial mesenteric vein

Circulatory

Tunica intima-endothelium

Tunica media- smooth muscle

Tunica adventitia collagen fibers

Drains from upper intestines into Cranial Vena Cava

Gastroduodenal vein

Circulatory

Tunica intima-endothelium

Tunica media- smooth muscle

Tunica adventitia collagen fibers

Drains from parts of stomach, duodenum

Gastrosplenic vein

Circulatory

Tunica intima-endothelium

Tunica media- smooth muscle

Tunica adventitia collagen fibers

Drains from stomach and spleen

Hepatic portal vein

Circulatory

Tunica intima-endothelium

Tunica media- smooth muscle

Tunica adventitia collagen fibers

blood from the digestive organs and spleen to the liver ? hepatocyte action- into systemic circulation

Phrenic vein

Circulatory

Tunica intima-endothelium

Tunica media- smooth muscle

Tunica adventitia collagen fibers

veins that drain the diaphragm and accompany the phrenic arteries

Ductus venosus

Circulatory

Smooth muscle, areolar ct

Bypasses hepatic circulation, ensures fully oxygenated and nutrified blood gets to heart.

Abdominal aorta

Circulatory

Tunica interna prominent internal elastic membrane

Tunica media (w/ smooth muscle)

The part of the aorta between the diaphragm and the bifurcation into the right and left common iliac arteries

Coeliac artery

Circulatory

Tunica interna prominent internal elastic membrane

Tunica media (w/ smooth muscle)

first major branch of the abdominal aorta

Cranial mesenteric artery

Circulatory

Tunica interna prominent internal elastic membrane

Tunica media (w/ smooth muscle)

Supplies blood to the upper intestines

Cranial abdominal artery

Circulatory

Tunica interna prominent internal elastic membrane

Tunica media (w/ smooth muscle)

Visible behind the kidneys, pathway to dorsal abdominal wall

Hepatic artery

Circulatory

Tunica interna prominent internal elastic membrane

Tunica media (w/ smooth muscle)

branch of the celiac artery that supplies the liver with arterial blood

Splenic artery

Circulatory

Tunica interna prominent internal elastic membrane

Tunica media (w/ smooth muscle)

carries blood to the spleen and sends branches also to the pancreas and the cardiac end of the stomach

Gastroduodenal artery

Circulatory

Tunica interna prominent internal elastic membrane

Tunica media (w/ smooth muscle)

Supplies blood to lower parts of the stomach and the nearby duodenum.

Phrenic artery

Circulatory

Tunica interna prominent internal elastic membrane

Tunica media (w/ smooth muscle)

arteries supplying the diaphragm

Umbilical arteries

Circulatory

Tunica interna prominent internal elastic membrane

Tunica media (w/ smooth muscle)

Takes fetal blood to placenta for gas, nutrient, and waste exchange.

Gonadal artery

Circulatory

Tunica interna prominent internal elastic membrane

Tunica media (w/ smooth muscle)

Abdominal aorta serving each gonad

Caudal mesenteric artery

Circulatory

Tunica interna prominent internal elastic membrane

Tunica media (w/ smooth muscle)

Blood flow to lower intestines

External iliac artery

Circulatory

Tunica interna prominent internal elastic membrane

Tunica media (w/ smooth muscle)

Carries oxygenated blood to thigh and skin

Internal iliac artery

Circulatory

Tunica interna prominent internal elastic membrane

Tunica media (w/ smooth muscle)

Carries oxygenated blood to hindleg, lower quadrant

Femoral artery

Circulatory

Tunica interna prominent internal elastic membrane

Tunica media (w/ smooth muscle)

chief artery of the thigh that is a continuation of the external iliac artery lying in the anterior part of the thigh

Umbilical artery

circulatory

Tunica interna prominent internal elastic membrane

Tunica media (w/ smooth muscle)

carry the deoxygenated blood from the fetus

Median sacral artery

Circulatory

Tunica interna prominent internal elastic membrane

Tunica media(w/smooth muscle)

Primary artery to tail

Deep circumflex artery

Circulatory

Tunica interna prominent internal elastic membrane

Tunica media (w/smooth muscle)

branch from the deep femoral artery or from the femoral artery itself

Deep femoral artery

Circulatory

Tunica interna prominent internal elastic membrane

Tunica media (w/ smooth muscle)

deep branch of the femoral artery formed where it divides

External iliac vein

Circulatory

Tunica intima-endothelium

Tunica media- smooth muscle

Tunica adventitia collagen fibers

Braches from more superficial parts of thigh, lower quadrant converge through this into caudal vena cava

Internal iliac vein

Circulatory

Tunica intima-endothelium

Tunica media- smooth muscle

Tunica adventitia collagen fibers

Femoral vein is a branch of this drains from thigh, hindleg

Femoral vein

Circulatory

Tunica intima-endothelium

Tunica media- smooth muscle

Tunica adventitia collagen fibers

Vein from the thigh

Median sacral vein

Circulatory

Tunica intima-endothelium

Tunica media- smooth muscle

Tunica adventitia collagen fibers

Drains from tail

Deep circumflex vein

Circulatory

Tunica intima-endothelium

Tunica media- smooth muscle

Tunica adventitia collagen fibers

Drains from muscles and skin of lower abdomen, into external iliac vein

Deep femoral vein

Circulatory

Tunica intima-endothelium

Tunica media- smooth muscle

Tunica adventitia collagen fibers

Drains from thigh

Testis

Reproductive

Pseudostratified columnar epithelial cells, Sertoli cells

male reproductive gland that usually consists largely of seminiferous tubules from the epithelium of which spermatozoa develop, that contains androgen-secreting cells

Inguinal canal

Reproductive/accessory

Squamous epithelial

Canal through which the testis descends into the scrotum and in which the spermatic cord lies

Epididymis

Reproductive

Glandular epithelium

system of ductules that emerges posteriorly from the testis, holds sperm during maturation

Ductus deferens

Reproductive

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Sperm carrying ducts

Gubernaculum

accessory

Fibrocartilage

Support for testis and epididymal structures

Spermatic cord

Reproductive

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

cord that suspends the testis within the scrotum, contains the vas deferens and vessels and nerves of the testis

Bulbourethral glands

Reproductive/accessory

Glandular epithelium

discharges a secretion into the semen

Prostate gland

Reproductive

Glandular epithelium

secretes an alkaline viscid fluid which is a major constituent of the ejaculatory fluid

Seminal vesicle

Reproductive

Glandular epithelium

secrete a sugar- and protein-containing fluid into the ejaculatory duct

Urethra

Excretory

Transitional epithelial

canal that carries urine from the bladder (and sometimes reproductive materials)

Bladder

Excretory

Stratified epithelial

Vessel that collects urine prior to excretion

Kidney

Excretory

Cuboidal epithelial. Stratified epithelial

regulate acid-base concentration, maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, filter blood of metabolic wastes, excrete those as urine

Adrenal gland

endocrine

Epithelial

Endocrine, produces norep, epinephrine, and androgenic hormones

Ureter

Excretory

Transitional Epithelium

Carries urine from kidneys to bladder

Vaginal vestibule

Reproductive/excretory

Stratified squamous

Intermediary space between uterus and outside world

Vagina

Reproductive

Pseudostratified columnar epithelial

Also called birth canal, pathway for intercourse and offspring

Cervix

Reproductive

Stratified epithelial

The neck of the Uterus

Uterine body

Reproductive

Three layers of epithelia

Location of fetal development in

Round ligament

Accessory

Dense connective tissue

Support to body of uterus

Broad ligament

Accessory

Dense connective tissue

Support kidneys hold them suspended.

Oviduct (fallopian tube/ uterine tube)

Reproductive

Pseudostratified columnar epithelial cells

tube that transports eggs from the ovary to the uterus

Ovary

Reproductive

Ligaments, glandular epithelial cells

Egg/ hormone production

Trapezius

Muscular

Skeletal muscle

makes it possible to raise the head and shoulders

Deltoideus

Muscular

Skeletal muscle

Shoulder abduction, flexion, extension

Supraspinatus

Muscular

Skeletal muscle

Abduction of arm, stabilizes humerus

Triceps brachii

Muscular

Skeletal muscle

Extends forearm/ adduct shoulder

Brachiocephalicus

Muscular

Skeletal muscle

To turn/ lift head

Extensor carpi radialis

Muscular

Skeletal muscle

Extensor at wrist; abducts wrist

Flexor carpi radialis

Muscular

Skeletal muscle

Flex and abduct the hand

Rhomboideus capitus

Muscular

Skeletal muscle

Retracts scapula

Rhomboidedus cervicus and thoracis

Muscular

Skeletal muscle

Retracts scapula, rotates it, fixes it to thoracic wall

Serratus ventralis

Muscular

Skeletal muscle

Elevates scapula and tilts it

Splenius

Muscular

Skeletal muscle

Extension, flexion, rotation muscle of neck

Latissimus dorsi

Muscular

Skeletal muscle

moves the forelimb dorsally and posteriorly

Erector spinae

Muscular

Skeletal muscle

Extension, flexion through length of spine

Biceps brachii

Muscular

Skeletal muscle

Flexes elbow; action of forearm turn hand toward face

Coracobrachialis

Muscular

Skeletal muscle

Adducts humerus

Brachialis

Muscular

Skeletal muscle

powerful flexor of the elbow

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Muscular

Skeletal muscle

Flex and adduct the hand

Pectoralis superficialis

Muscular

Skeletal muscle

Adducts, medially rotates humerus

Pectoralis profundus

Muscular

Skeletal muscle

stabilizes the scapula, extension of arm

Tensor facia latae

Muscular

Skeletal muscle

Extends hindlimb

Iliacus

Muscular

Skeletal muscle

Flex hip, rotate thigh

Rectus femoris

Muscular

Skeletal muscle

Extends hindlimb

Vastus medialis

Muscular

Skeletal muscle

Extends hindlimb

Pectineus

Muscular

Skeletal muscle

Flex hip, abducts thigh

Psoas major

Muscular

Skeletal muscle

Flex hip, rotate thigh

Adductor

Muscular

Skeletal muscle

Adducts thigh

Sartorius

Muscular

Skeletal muscle

Extends hindlimb, adducts thigh

Gracilis

Muscular

Skeletal muscle

Adducts thigh

Semimembranosus

Muscular

Skeletal muscle

Extends hip, adducts hindleg

Semitendinosus

Muscular

Skeletal muscle

Extends, flexes hindlimb

Tibialis anterior

Muscular

Skeletal muscle

Flexes hindfoot

Gluteus superficialis

Muscular

Skeletal muscle

Abducts thigh

Gluteus medius

Muscular

Skeletal muscle

Abducts and extends thigh

Vastus lateralis

Muscular

Skeletal muscle

Extends hindlimb

Gastrocnemius

Muscular

Skeletal muscle

Extend hindfoot

Biceps femoris

Muscular

Skeletal muscle

Abducts thigh, flexes hindlimb