Biology
- Q: Explain Why Mutations For Antibiotic Resistance Spread So Rapidly Among Bacteria
Frequent use of antibiotic kills many bacteria, creating a selection pressure. As a result, bacteria with mutations that give them resistance to a particular antibiotic have an advantage over the other bacteria that do not. They survive to reproduce more...
- Domains Of Life
The Three Domains of Life Eukarya: This is the most familiar domain to us because it is made up of the kingdoms animalia (animals), plantae (plants), fungi, and protista. They have a huge diversity when it comes to form but they all share fundamental...
- Lysozyme
Term: lysozymeLiterally meaning: an enzyme that breaks downOrigin: Anc Greek?????/lysis(=dissolution, degradation > verb ???/leo =break down, solve, loose, degradate)+-????/zyme(= leaven) > ??????/enzymo(=enzyme) > ??/en(=in) +-????/zyme(=...
- Microbiology
Term: microbiology Origin: Anc Greek ??????/micros(=small) + ????/bios(=life) + ?????/logy(=study of ) Coined: by French chemist Louis Pasteur (1822 ?1895) from term ?microbe? introduced in 1878 by French surgeon Charles Emmanuel Sedillot (1804-1883)....
- 7. Microbes In Human Welfare
Click here for PDF MICROBES IN HOUSEHOLD PRODUCTS· Lactobacillus or Lactic acid bacteria (LAB):- Convert milk to curd.- LAB produces acids that coagulate and partially digest the milk proteins.- ...
Biology
antibiotic
Term: antibiotic
Origin: Anc Greek ????/anti(=against) + ????????/biotic(=of life)
> ????/bios(=life) > ???/bia(=haste, force)
Coined : In 1928, while studying influenza, British microbiologist Alexander Fleming (1881-1955) noticed that mould had developed accidentally on a set of culture dishes being used to grow the staphylococci germ. The mould had created a bacteria-free circle around itself. Fleming experimented further and named the active substance penicillin. Fleming was not the first who observed the antibacterial properties of Penicillium species but was the first who proposed that penicillin can used to kill gram positive bacteria from a mixture of microorganisms.. The term "antibiotic" was coined in 1942 by Selman Waksman (1888 ?1973) a biochemist and microbiologist in order to describe any substance produced by a microorganism that is antagonistic to the growth of other microorganisms in high dilution.
Definition:
A substance produced by one microorganism (fungi or bacteria) that selectively inhibits the growth of others. Nowadays the term is reffered also to the hemisynthetic substances with similar properties.
Comments:
Waksman isolated, together with his students and associates, a number of new antibiotics, including actinomycin (1940), clavacin, streptothricin (1942), streptomycin (1943), grisein (1946), neomycin (1948, and others. Two of these, streptomycin and neomycin, have found extensive application in the treatment of numerous infectious diseases of men, animals and plants. They have been covered by patents, that on streptomycin having been recently listed as one of the ten «patents that shaped the world».
More: "Les Prix Nobel". Nobelprize.org. 2 Mar 2011 http://nobelprize.org/nobel_organizations/nobelfoundation/publications/lesprix.html
For more updated biographical information, see: Waksman, Selman Abraham, My Life With Microbes. Simon and Schuster , New York
- Q: Explain Why Mutations For Antibiotic Resistance Spread So Rapidly Among Bacteria
Frequent use of antibiotic kills many bacteria, creating a selection pressure. As a result, bacteria with mutations that give them resistance to a particular antibiotic have an advantage over the other bacteria that do not. They survive to reproduce more...
- Domains Of Life
The Three Domains of Life Eukarya: This is the most familiar domain to us because it is made up of the kingdoms animalia (animals), plantae (plants), fungi, and protista. They have a huge diversity when it comes to form but they all share fundamental...
- Lysozyme
Term: lysozymeLiterally meaning: an enzyme that breaks downOrigin: Anc Greek?????/lysis(=dissolution, degradation > verb ???/leo =break down, solve, loose, degradate)+-????/zyme(= leaven) > ??????/enzymo(=enzyme) > ??/en(=in) +-????/zyme(=...
- Microbiology
Term: microbiology Origin: Anc Greek ??????/micros(=small) + ????/bios(=life) + ?????/logy(=study of ) Coined: by French chemist Louis Pasteur (1822 ?1895) from term ?microbe? introduced in 1878 by French surgeon Charles Emmanuel Sedillot (1804-1883)....
- 7. Microbes In Human Welfare
Click here for PDF MICROBES IN HOUSEHOLD PRODUCTS· Lactobacillus or Lactic acid bacteria (LAB):- Convert milk to curd.- LAB produces acids that coagulate and partially digest the milk proteins.- ...