Biology
Codons of an mRNA molecule contain genetic messages that are carried by the mRNA and they need to be translated to form the corresponding sequence of amino acids that will form the polypeptide chain and subsequently the protein.
The tRNA transfers amino acids from the cytoplasm's pool of amino acids. Subsequently, the translation is done by tRNA. Amino acid activation occurs when each amino acid attaches itself to a tRNA. It is very specific, as each tRNA can only be linked to one particular amino acid.
Each tRNA carries an anti-codon which is the cause of the tRNA's specificity. One specific tRNA recognizes and carries only the amino acid specific by the mRNA codon. Amino acid activation si catalysed by the enzyme amino acyl tRNA synthetase. There is only one AATS for every amino acid present in the protein. ATP is required in the process and amino acyl tRNA adenylate is formed.
One amino acid and one ATP molecule will attach to the enzyme's active site. The appropriate tRNA then binds to the active site of the enzyme AATS.
A covalent bond is then formed between amino acids and the 3' end of the tRNA, and ATP is hydrolysed. An activated amino acid (amino acyl tRNA is formed and released from the active site of the enzyme).
- Translation
Translation is the process by which a triplet base sequence of mRNA molecules are converted into a specific sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain in the cytoplasm of a cell. It consists of initiation, elongation, and termination. The mRNA, a...
- Translation
What is Translation? Once transcription occurs translation has to then do its job in the ribosomes by taking the base code of a mRNA molecule and translating a peptide into a chain of amino acids. This is how it works: Molecules of mRNA come out of the...
- Suppressor Trnas Have Mutated Anticodons That Read New Codons
KEY TERMS:A suppressor is a second mutation that compensates for or alters the effects of a primary mutation. A nonsense suppressor is a gene coding for a mutant tRNA able to respond to one or more of the termination codons and insert an amino acid at...
- Using The Genetic Code
The sequence of a coding strand of DNA, read in the direction from 5 to 3, consists of nucleotide triplets (codons) corresponding to the amino acid sequence of a protein read from N-terminus to C-terminus. Sequencing of DNA and proteins makes it possible...
- Protein Synthesis Occurs By Initiation, Elongation, And Termination
KEY TERMS:The A site of the ribosome is the site that an aminoacyl-tRNA enters to base pair with the codon. The P site of the ribosome is the site that is occupied by peptidyl-tRNA, the tRNA carrying the nascent polypeptide chain, still paired with the...
Biology
Amino Acid activation
Codons of an mRNA molecule contain genetic messages that are carried by the mRNA and they need to be translated to form the corresponding sequence of amino acids that will form the polypeptide chain and subsequently the protein.
The tRNA transfers amino acids from the cytoplasm's pool of amino acids. Subsequently, the translation is done by tRNA. Amino acid activation occurs when each amino acid attaches itself to a tRNA. It is very specific, as each tRNA can only be linked to one particular amino acid.
Each tRNA carries an anti-codon which is the cause of the tRNA's specificity. One specific tRNA recognizes and carries only the amino acid specific by the mRNA codon. Amino acid activation si catalysed by the enzyme amino acyl tRNA synthetase. There is only one AATS for every amino acid present in the protein. ATP is required in the process and amino acyl tRNA adenylate is formed.
One amino acid and one ATP molecule will attach to the enzyme's active site. The appropriate tRNA then binds to the active site of the enzyme AATS.
A covalent bond is then formed between amino acids and the 3' end of the tRNA, and ATP is hydrolysed. An activated amino acid (amino acyl tRNA is formed and released from the active site of the enzyme).
- Translation
Translation is the process by which a triplet base sequence of mRNA molecules are converted into a specific sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain in the cytoplasm of a cell. It consists of initiation, elongation, and termination. The mRNA, a...
- Translation
What is Translation? Once transcription occurs translation has to then do its job in the ribosomes by taking the base code of a mRNA molecule and translating a peptide into a chain of amino acids. This is how it works: Molecules of mRNA come out of the...
- Suppressor Trnas Have Mutated Anticodons That Read New Codons
KEY TERMS:A suppressor is a second mutation that compensates for or alters the effects of a primary mutation. A nonsense suppressor is a gene coding for a mutant tRNA able to respond to one or more of the termination codons and insert an amino acid at...
- Using The Genetic Code
The sequence of a coding strand of DNA, read in the direction from 5 to 3, consists of nucleotide triplets (codons) corresponding to the amino acid sequence of a protein read from N-terminus to C-terminus. Sequencing of DNA and proteins makes it possible...
- Protein Synthesis Occurs By Initiation, Elongation, And Termination
KEY TERMS:The A site of the ribosome is the site that an aminoacyl-tRNA enters to base pair with the codon. The P site of the ribosome is the site that is occupied by peptidyl-tRNA, the tRNA carrying the nascent polypeptide chain, still paired with the...